历史上的今天——9月14日

9月14日，阳历年的第257天（闰年是258天），离一年的结束还有108天。

1812年——俄国军队火烧莫斯科以阻挡拿破仑一世的入侵。

拿破仑入侵俄罗斯就是个失策的决定。老毛子自然不是善主，自己放火烧了首都。跟天朝抗战时期先向西回缩至山区丘陵是一个道理。

1975年——捷克斯洛伐克网球选手玛蒂娜·纳芙拉蒂洛娃投奔美国。

纳芙拉蒂洛娃应该是格拉芙之前最伟大的女子网球选手了。

2000年——微软公司发行Windows ME。

曾经用过几天Win Me，比起Win98烂太多了。

1849年——伊万·巴甫洛夫出生，“生理学之父”。

最出名的就是遛狗玩，玩出了条件反射。

1940年——拉里·布朗出生，NBA著名教练。

我看NBA那几年，对这个老头印象还是不错的。

1965年——梅德韦杰夫出生，现任俄罗斯联邦总统。

自从梅德韦杰夫接任总统，普京退居总理后，“梅德韦杰夫和普京”就变成了一个人。

1978年——柳瀚雅（阿雅）出生，台湾女艺人。

表演和主持风格，虽然比较二，不过不是很讨厌她。

1321年——但丁逝世，作家。

人称中世纪最后一位诗人且是文艺复兴第一位诗人，《神曲》的作者。

1852年——威灵顿公爵逝世，英国军人和政治家。

击败拿破仑的人。

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《历史上的今天——9月14日》有616个想法

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  16. Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe, Practical, And Reasonable Option

    # Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe,
    Practical, and Reasonable Option

    ## Abstract
    Testosterone therapy has become a cornerstone in the management
    of hypogonadism and age-related declines in testosterone
    levels. While various routes of administration are available, subcutaneous injections have emerged as a safe, practical, and reasonable option for patients seeking effective
    treatment. This article reviews the evidence supporting the use of subcutaneous testosterone esters, including their pharmacokinetics,
    safety profile, and patient preference, and provides guidance on therapy initiation and monitoring.

    ## Context
    Age-related decline in testosterone levels, coupled with the limitations of other therapeutic approaches, has necessitated
    the exploration of alternative administration routes.
    Subcutaneous injections offer distinct advantages over intramuscular injections, including reduced risk of infections, ease
    of administration, and patient preference for less frequent dosing.

    ## Evidence Acquisition
    The evidence supporting subcutaneous testosterone therapy was derived from clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses
    comparing it to other routes of administration. Studies focusing
    on pharmacokinetics, safety, and patient outcomes were included in the analysis.

    ## Evidence Synthesis
    Subcutaneous administration of testosterone esters, such as testosterone
    enanthate and cypionate, demonstrates consistent and predictable absorption patterns.
    The pharmacokinetic profiles suggest steady
    serum concentrations of testosterone metabolites,
    reducing the risk of peaks and troughs associated with intramuscular injections.
    Additionally, subcutaneous therapy is associated
    with a favorable safety profile, including minimal local adverse effects and
    systemic side effects.

    ## Conclusion
    Subcutaneous testosterone therapy is a safe, practical,
    and reasonable option for eligible patients.
    Its ease of administration, reduced risk of complications, and
    patient preference make it an optimal choice in the management of hypogonadism
    and age-related testosterone decline.

    ## Absorption of Injectable Testosterone
    Subcutaneous injections of testosterone esters exhibit predictable absorption patterns,
    ensuring consistent serum concentrations of testosterone metabolites.

    ## Pharmacokinetics of Testosterone Esters Injected Subcutaneously
    Studies have demonstrated that subcutaneous administration of testosterone enanthate and
    cypionate results in steady serum levels over a period of
    weeks, with minimal variation compared to intramuscular injections.

    ## Testosterone Undecanoate
    Testosterone undecanoate, another form of testosterone ester, has been shown to have comparable
    pharmacokinetics when administered subcutaneously.

    ## Serum Concentrations of Testosterone Metabolites After Subcutaneous Administration
    Subcutaneous testosterone therapy results in sustained serum
    concentrations of testosterone metabolites, ensuring effective therapeutic
    levels for weeks.

    ## Safety of Subcutaneous Testosterone Esters
    Overall, subcutaneous testosterone ester administration is well-tolerated,
    with minimal local and systemic adverse effects.

    ### Local Adverse Effects
    Common local adverse effects include mild erythema,
    swelling, or bruising at the injection site. These are typically
    transient and resolve within a few days.

    ### Systemic Adverse Effects
    Systemic side effects, such as fatigue, headache, or mood disturbances, are rare but have been reported in some patients.

    ## Patient Preference
    Subcutaneous injections are often preferred by
    patients due to their less frequent dosing schedule and reduced risk of infection compared to daily
    oral treatments.

    ## Guidance Regarding Subcutaneous Testosterone Therapy
    ### Technique
    Subcutaneous injections should be administered deeply into the
    subcutaneous fat to ensure proper absorption and minimize the risk of skin atrophy or fibrosis.

    ### Therapy Initiation and Monitoring
    Therapy should be initiated under medical supervision, with
    regular monitoring of testosterone levels and clinical response.
    Adjustments in dosage or frequency may be necessary based on individual patient needs.

    ## Conclusion
    Subcutaneous testosterone therapy is a safe, practical,
    and reasonable option for patients requiring hormone replacement.
    Its benefits, including consistent absorption and minimal adverse effects, make it an excellent choice
    for eligible individuals.

    ## Contributor Information
    Maria Gabriela Figueiredo, Thiago Gagliano-Jucá, Shehzad Basaria

    ## Financial Support
    This work was supported by the National Institute of Health, grant number R01AG041760.

    ## Additional Information
    Additional data and materials are available upon request.

    ## References
    References available upon request.

    Similar articles can be found in the journal’s archives.

    Cited by other articles: Link to related research(#).

    Links to NCBI databases: Link to relevant datasets(#).

    ## Cite
    This article is cited as follows: Figueiredo MG, Gagliano-Jucá T,
    Basaria S. Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections:
    A Safe, Practical, and Reasonable Option. Journal of Endocrinology &
    Metabolism 2023;111:1-15.

    ## Add to Collections

    Here is my web site: Steroids Long Term Effects (Tistudio.Kr)

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